@article {47132,
	title = {Functional metagenomic landscape of polluted river reveals potential genes involved in degradation of xenobiotic pollutants},
	journal = {Environmental Research},
	volume = {192},
	year = {2021},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {110332},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {<p>Rapid industrialization contributes substantially to xenobiotic pollutants in rivers. As a result, most of the rivers traversing urban settlements are in significantly deteriorated conditions. These pollutants are recalcitrant, requiring robust catabolic machinery for their complete transformation into bioavailable and non-toxic byproducts. Microbes are versatile dwellers that could adapt to such contaminants by using them as a source of nutrients during growth. However, efficient bioremediation requires an in-depth knowledge of microbial diversity and their metabolism related genes in the polluted niches. We employed MinION shotgun sequencing, to comprehend the biodegradation related genes and their function potential operating in the polluted urban riverine system of Western India. A vast number of catabolic genes were detected for the xenobiotic pollutants such as Benzoate, Nitrotoluene, Aminobenzoate, Drug metabolism, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Aerobic, and anaerobic catabolism genes, were mapped for their ability of degradation of xenobiotics. Interestingly, catabolism profiles of multiple aromatic compounds culminated into the Benzoate degradation pathway, suggesting it as a plausible central pathway for the autochthonous bacterial communities. Further mapping with RemeDB database, predicted plastic and dye degrading enzymes. Moreover, the diversity indices for the pollutant degrading enzymes suggested little variations (R-2 value of 18\%) between the city and non-city (outskirts of city limits) riverine stretch indicating the impact of industrialization in the outskirts of the city stretch as well. Altogether, this study would serve as a preliminary baseline for future explorations concerning river cleaning programs and also exploiting such microbes for bioremediation applications.</p>
},
	keywords = {Benzoate, Bioremediation, MinION, Riverine system, Xenobiotics},
	issn = {0013-9351},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2020.110332},
	author = {Yadav, Rakeshkumar and Rajput, Vinay and Dharne, Mahesh}
}
@article {47636,
	title = {Metagenomic exploration reveals a differential patterning of antibiotic resistance genes in urban and peri-urban stretches of a riverine system},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2021},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {66477-66484},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{Antimicrobial resistance in the riverine ecosystem of urban areas is an alarming concern worldwide, indicating the importance of molecular monitoring to understand their patterning in urban and peri-urban areas. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of urban rivers on the connected peri-urban rivers of a riverine system of India in the context of antibiotic resistance genes. The rivers traversing through urban (Mula, Mutha, Pawana, and Ramnadi) and peri-urban stretches (Bhima and Indrayani) form the riverine system of Pune district in Maharashtra, India. The MinION-based shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed the resistome against 26 classes of antibiotics, including the last line of antibiotics. In total, we observed 278 ARG subtypes conferring resistance against multiple drugs (40\%), bacitracin (10\%), aminoglycoside (7.5\%), tetracycline (7\%), and glycopeptide (5\%). Further, the alpha diversity analysis suggested relatively higher ARG diversity in the urban stretches than peri-urban stretches of the riverine system. The NMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling) analysis revealed significant differences with overlapping similarities (stress value = 0.14},
	keywords = {Antibiotic resistance, MinION, Peri-urban rivers, Urbanization},
	issn = {0944-1344},
	doi = {10.1007/s11356-021-16910-y},
	author = {Rajput, Vinay and Yadav, Rakeshkumar and Dharne, Mahesh S.}
}
